Fig. 2

Optimization of BM. a Time courses of the initial conditions: wet biomass of Pvl-AAD E. coli (20 g L⁻¹) in Tris–HCl buffer (20 mM, pH 8.0) containing the l-methionine (100 g L⁻¹), at 200 rpm and 30 °C. b Effects of different pH on KMTB production. c Effects of different temperatures on KMTB production. d Effects of substrate loading on KMTB production. e Time course of the optimized conditions: wet biomass of Pv-l-AAD E. coli (20 g L⁻¹) in Tris–HCl buffer (20 mM, pH 7.5) containing the l-methionine (100 g L⁻¹), at 200 rpm and 25 °C at 20-mL scale. f Time course of the optimized conditions at 1-L scale