Optimization of immobilized Lactobacillus pentosus cell fermentation for lactic acid production

Bioresources and Bioprocessing

Table 4 ANOVA for LA yield by immobilized L. pentosus ATCC 8041 cells

Source	Sum of squares	Degree of freedom	Mean square	F-value	p-value
Model	0.0111	14	0.0008	118.09	< 0.0001
Bead diameter (D_B)	0.0004	1	0.0004	58.95	< 0.0001
pH	0.0015	1	0.0015	222.35	< 0.0001
Initial glucose concentration (C_G)	0.0008	1	0.0008	114.12	< 0.0001
Biomass (B_W)	0.0000	1	0.0000	1.5	0.2411
D_B × pH	6.25 × 10⁻⁶	1	6.25 × 10⁻⁶	0.9287	0.3515
D_B × C_G	4.00 × 10⁻⁶	1	4.00 × 10⁻⁶	0.5944	0.4535
D_B × B_W	9.00 × 10⁻⁶	1	9.00 × 10⁻⁶	1.34	0.2669
pH × C_G	0.0000	1	0.0000	5.35	0.0364
pH × B_W	0.0007	1	0.0007	96.62	< 0.0001
C_G × B_W	0.0006	1	0.0006	92.87	< 0.0001
\({D_{\text{B}}}^{2}\)	0.0000	1	0.0000	3.45	0.0844
pH²	0.007	1	0.0070	1034.84	< 0.0001
\({C_{\text{G}}}^{2}\)	0.0004	1	0.0004	58.14	< 0.0001
\({B_{\text{W}}}^{2}\)	0.0002	1	0.0002	30.68	< 0.0001
Residual	0.0001	14	6.73 × 10⁻⁶
Lack of fit	0.0001	10	7.94 × 10⁻⁶	2.15*	0.2403
Pure error	0.0000	4	3.70 × 10⁻⁶
Cor total	0.0112	28
Standard deviation	0.0026		R²	0.9916
Mean	0.9123		Adjusted R²	0.9832
Coefficient of variation (C.V.%)	0.2844		Predicted R²	0.9572
Press	0.0005		Adequate precision	38.1890