Table 3 Surface energy parameters for biomass, control adsorbents and polymeric beads
Surface energy parameters (mJ m-2) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Material | γLW | γ+ | γ− | γAB | γSTotal | ΔGsws |
Biomass | ||||||
E. coli | 32.70 | 1.40 | 51.80 | 17.03 | 49.73 | 31.01 |
B. subtilis | 44.00 | 0.10 | 59.20 | 4.87 | 48.87 | 42.35 |
S. cerevisiae | 27.90 | 4.40 | 51.50 | 30.11 | 58.01 | 24.36 |
CHO | 33.60 | 1.20 | 52.10 | 15.81 | 49.41 | 30.92 |
Control | ||||||
Sepharose Q | 22.30 | 2.56 | 71.39 | 27.06 | 49.36 | 46.90 |
Sepharose DEAE | 27.02 | 2.36 | 65.20 | 24.81 | 51.82 | 41.95 |
Sepharose SP | 26.80 | 1.90 | 68.11 | 22.75 | 49.55 | 46.52 |
Sepharose Phenyl | 26.69 | 1.63 | 69.96 | 21.34 | 48.03 | 49.53 |
Polymeric material | ||||||
Alginate | 23.32 | 1.05 | 79.69 | 18.30 | 41.61 | 62.37 |
Agar | 22.18 | 1.50 | 78.09 | 21.65 | 43.83 | 57.94 |
Cellulose | 22.93 | 1.48 | 76.97 | 21.33 | 44.26 | 57.08 |
Sepharose 4B | 27.88 | 2.78 | 61.92 | 26.22 | 54.10 | 37.41 |
Fastline Agarose | 24.69 | 1.57 | 73.46 | 21.45 | 46.14 | 53.32 |
Sephacryl S 400 | 22.06 | 1.96 | 75.21 | 24.30 | 46.37 | 52.89 |
Carrageenan | 24.64 | 4.21 | 56.55 | 30.84 | 55.48 | 29.45 |
Dextran (PD 10) | 29.23 | 0.31 | 78.45 | 9.92 | 39.16 | 67.29 |
Polyacrylamide | 27.50 | 0.25 | 82.18 | 9.12 | 36.62 | 72.37 |
Polyvinylpyrrolidone | 32.55 | 0.05 | 79.54 | 3.98 | 36.53 | 72.55 |
Phenolic beads | 33.99 | 0.11 | 75.55 | 5.81 | 39.80 | 66.01 |
Supelite™ DAX-8 | 35.75 | 0.21 | 71.06 | 7.73 | 43.48 | 58.63 |
Poly(styrene-co-divinylbenzene) | 35.79 | 0.15 | 72.10 | 6.68 | 42.47 | 60.65 |
Poly(ethyl methacrylate) | 28.13 | 0.07 | 85.64 | 4.78 | 32.91 | 79.78 |
Chitosan | 35.61 | 0.14 | 72.57 | 6.47 | 42.08 | 61.43 |
Glass | 33.15 | 0.98 | 46.20 | 13.49 | 46.64 | 25.98 |
Stainless steel | 40.94 | 0.00 | 5.53 | 0.32 | 41.26 | − 59.75 |
Polystyrene | 38.90 | 0.00 | 2.83 | 0.00 | 38.90 | − 72.94 |
Toyopearl HW-65 | 22.02 | 5.56 | 59.59 | 36.41 | 58.43 | 28.74 |
Hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS) | 27.34 | 0.09 | 3.89 | 1.19 | 28.53 | − 59.09 |
Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) | 24.56 | 0.00 | 0.03 | 0.00 | 24.56 | − 98.58 |
Silica | 42.39 | 0.81 | 55.84 | 13.45 | 55.84 | 33.43 |
Ceramic Hydroxyapatite Type 1 | 28.34 | 0.00 | 89.71 | 0.00 | 28.34 | 88.46 |
Ceramic Hydroxyapatite Type 2 | 26.65 | 0.44 | 80.69 | 11.87 | 38.52 | 68.56 |
Ceramic Fluoroapatite Type 1 | 26.04 | 0.41 | 82.10 | 11.55 | 37.59 | 70.42 |
Ceramic Fluoroapatite Type 2 | 24.12 | 1.24 | 76.75 | 19.53 | 43.65 | 58.30 |