Table 1 Comparison of recent studies for microbial ester biosynthesis by Clostridia species

C. tyrobutyricum

Fermentation of 50 g/L glucose to butyrate, then add 5.0 g/L lipase with hexadecane as extractant

Keeping butanol at 10.0 g/L during fermentation

34.7 g/L BB

Zhang et al. (2017)

C. beijerinckii spo0A mutant

Fermentation of glucose to butyrate and butanol, then feed lipase with hexadecane as extractant

5 g/L butanol was added in a continuous agitation

3.32 g/L BB

Seo et al. (2017)

C. acetobutylicum

Fed-batch fermentation by feeding glucose and butyrate, 2500 U (3.31 g) lipase was added with hexadecane as extractant in 1.5 L culture medium

Unstated quantity

5 g/L BB

van den Berg et al. (2013)

Clostridium sp. strain BOH3

Fed-batch fermentation of xylose using both in vivo and exogenous lipases, and kerosene as extractant

7.9 g/L butyrate was added to the fermentation

22.4 g/L BB

Xin et al. (2016)

C. acetobutylicum ATCC 824

One-step fermentation to accumulate butanol and butyryl-CoA. AAT from Strawberry and Apple were expressed in the host. Hexadecane was used as extractant

–

Strawberry SAAT yielded 50.07 mg/L and apple AAAT yielded 40.60 mg/L

Noh et al. (2018)

C. beijerinckii BGS1 and C. tyrobutyricum ATCC 25,755

Microbial co-culturing of two strains. lipase from Candida sp. were added

10 g/L butanol, 10 g/L butyrate

5.3 g/L

Cui et al. (2020)