Table 1 Transcription factors involved in cellulase regulation in T. reesei

TFs

Downstream genes

Binding sequences

Reference

Activator

 XYR1

Majority of cellulases

GGC(A/T)₃

(Kiesenhofer et al. 2018)

 ACE2

Majority of cellulases

GGCTAATAA

(Portnoy et al. 2011b)

 ACE3

Majority of cellulases

CGGAN(T/A)₃

(Zhang et al. 2019)

 ACE4

cel7a, ace3, cel6a, xyr1

Two adjacent -GGCC-

(Chen et al. 2021b)

 BglR

β-Glucosidases (except for cel3a)

–^a

(Nitta et al. 2012)

 CLR1/2

Xylanase, cellulase, xyr1, xpp1

–

(Beier et al. 2020a)

 RXE1

xyr1

–

(Wang et al. 2019a)

 AZF1

cel7a, cel45a, swo1

–

(Antonieto et al. 2019)

 CLP1

cel7a, cel7b

–

(Wang et al. 2019b)

 PAC1

Cellulase, xylanase

GCCARG^b

(Hakkinen et al. 2015; He et al. 2014)

 CRZ1

xyr1,cel7a

(T/G)GGCG or GGGC(G/T)

(Chen et al. 2016)

 ARE1

cel7a, cel6a, cel7b, cel5a

HGATAR

(Qian et al. 2019)

 VIB1

Cellulase

–

(Ivanova et al. 2017; Zhang et al. 2018a)

Repressor

 CRE1

Majority of cellulases, xyr1

SYGGRG

(Portnoy et al. 2011a)

 ACE1

Majority of cellulases, xyr1

AGGCA

(Saloheimo et al. 2000)

 RCE1

cel7a, cel7b, cel3a

GGC(A/T)₃

(Cao et al. 2017)

 RCE2

Majority of cellulases, xyr1, cre1 and ace3

(T/A)NNNNCCG and CGGNNNN(T/A)

(Chen et al. 2021c)

 CTF1

vib1, rce1, ace3

–

(Meng et al. 2020)

 YPR1^c

Cellulase and SOR clusters

–

(Derntl et al. 2016; Zhang et al. 2021)