Table 8 Annual electricity costs of the biotechnological production of H. pluvialis, comparing four different downstream scenarios, D1, D2, D3, and D4
4. Electricity costs | Â | D1 | D2 | D3 | D4 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Electricity price per kW h−1 | €0.18 |  |  |  |  |
Pumps and mixing | MWh a−1 | 592 | 592 | 592 | 592 |
Light | MWh a−1 | 1188 | 1188 | 1188 | 1188 |
Temperature control | MWh a−1 | 660 | 660 | 660 | 660 |
Control and sensors | MWh a−1 | 65.9 | 65.9 | 65.9 | 65.9 |
Upstream | MWh a−1 | 2506.3 | 2506.3 | 2506.3 | 2506.3 |
Cooling cell (k = 0.5 W m−2 K−1) A = 60 m2 ΔT = 40 K | MWh a−1 | – | – | – | 4.75 |
Centrifugation | MWh a−1 | 5.28 | 5.28 | 5.28 | 5.28 |
Homogenisation | MWh a−1 | 7.53 | 7.53 | – | 7.53 |
Spray-drying | MWh a−1 | 48.2 | – | – | 48.2 |
Germination | MWh a−1 | – | – | 2.34 | – |
CPE extraction | MWh a−1 | – | 56.6 | 56.6 | – |
Solvent evaporation | MWh a−1 | – | 66.5 | 66.5 | – |
Supercritical CO2 extraction | MWh a−1 | 229.7 | – | – | – |
Downstream | MWh a−1 | 290.7 | 135.9 | 130.7 | 65.7 |
Total electricity | MWh a−1 | 2797.0 | 2642.2 | 2637.0 | 2572.0 |
Total electricity costs | Euro | 503,452 | 475,599 | 474,664 | 462,965 |