Table 2 Potential food applications of fish AFPs

Antarctic cod (Dissostich-usMawsoni)

AFGP (1–8)

Soaking beef

0–1 mg/ml

Reducing the ice crystals size

(Payne et al. 1994)

Winter flounder

(Pseudo-pleuronectes americanus)

I

Grubby sculpin (Myoxocephalus aenaeus)

I

Frozen dough

─

Improving fermentative efficiency

(Panadero et al. 2005)

Winter flounder (Pleuronectes americanus)

I

Ice cream

1 µg/ml

Inhibition of ice

recrystallization

(Gaukel et al. 2014)

Ocean pout (Macrozoarces americanus)

III

Rock cod (Gadus ogac)

AFGP

Eelpout (Zoarces elongates Kner)

III

Bovine embryos

10 mg/ml

High viability

(Ideta et al. 2014)

Antarctic Cod

AFGP

Lamb meat

0 µg, 0.01 µg, 1 µg, 100 µg/kg live weight

Reducing drip loss and ice crystal size

(Payne and Young 1995)

Ocean pout

III

Chilled and frozen

actomyosin

0.05 to 0.3 mg/L

and

10 to 100 g/L

Freezing temperature depression and inhibition of ice

recrystallization

(Boonsupthip and Lee 2003)