Table 3 Combination of extraction technologies for the recovery of bioactive compounds from fruit by-products
From: Review on the extraction of bioactive compounds and characterization of fruit industry by-products
Sl. No. | Name of the by-product | Combination of extraction processes | Optimized condition | Bioactive compounds | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Vitis vinifera (Grape) peel | UAE + PEFFAE | Ultrasonic energy with 50 °C with a pulse of flow 290 L/h, diameter of chamber 25 mm, gap 26 mm, 25 kV voltage | Anthocyanin Flavonoids | (Medina-Meza and Barbosa-Cánovas 2015) |
2 | Litchi chinensis (Litchi) seed | UAE + PEFAE | 30% aqueous ethanol, 62.66 mL/g ratio of liquid: solid, 123 mL/min flow velocity, 276 W ultrasonic power, 47 °C ultrasonic temperature, discharge voltage 14 kV | Saponins | (Fan et al. 2020) |
3 | Citrus aurantiifolia (Lime) peel | MAE + UAE | Microwave power 140 W with 55% ethanol 45 s and ultrasonic energy of 38% amplitude for 4 min | Phenolic compounds, Antioxidants | (Rodsamran and Sothornvit 2019a) |
4 | Passiflora edulis (Passion) seed | SPE + UAE | Ultrasonic power of 160 W and at 40 °C and pressure of 16 MPa in SFE | Tocopherols Tocotrienol | (Barrales et al. 2015) |
5 | Citrus sinensis (Orange) peel | EAE + PEFAE | The high voltage of energy input of 222 kJ/kg with enzymatic hydrolysis viscozyme of 12FBGU/g | Polyphenols, Reducing sugars | (El Kantar et al. 2018b) |
6 | Punica granatum (Pomegranate) seed | SPE + MAE + CE | Microwave radiation of 250 W with 6 min and then by SFE and Soxhlet extraction | Punicic acid | (Đurđević et al. 2017) |
7 | Spondias tuberose (Umbu) seed | SPE + UAE | SFE at 40 °C with 15 Mpa and then ultrasonic power of 500 W with 4 min and 1:30 S/L ratio | Free fatty acid, Phenolic compounds | (Dias et al. 2019) |
8 | Litchi chinensis (Litchi) peel | MAE + UAE | MAE in 70 °C in 4 min of extraction with 40:1 solvent: material ratio and UAE in 3 min of extraction and chlorobenzene as a solvent | Pyrethroid | (Wang et al. 2018) |