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Bioresources and Bioprocessing

Table 1 Esterification of BDO and LA catalyzed by various catalysts

From: Enzymatic synthesis of a novel solid–liquid phase change energy storage material based on levulinic acid and 1,4-butanediol

 

Entry

Catalyst

Monoester content (%)

Diester content (%)

Chemical catalyst

1

H2SO4

7.26 ± 1.23

73.33 ± 0.96

2

Amberlyst-15

3.26 ± 0.95

47.07 ± 1.21

Biological catalyst

3

Novozym 435

6.92 ± 0.82

85.81 ± 0.81

4

Candida sp. 99-125

12.17 ± 1.25

1.32 ± 0.92

5

Lipozyme TLIM

5.83 ± 1.31

21.91 ± 1.43

  1. Reaction conditions: 1—0.22 mol LA, 0.1 mol BDO, 1%wt H2SO4, 90 °C, 3 h, 200 rpm. 2—0.22 mol LA, 0.1 mol BDO, 5%wt Amberlyst-15,90 °C, 7 h, 200 rpm. 3—0.22 mol LA, 0.1 mol BDO, 5%wt Novozym 435, 50 °C, 7 h, 200 rpm. 4—0.22 mol LA, 0.1 mol BDO, 5%wt Candida sp.99-125, 50 °C, 7 h, 200 rpm. 5—0.22 mol LA, 0.1 mol BDO, 5%wt Lipozyme TLIM, 50 °C, 7 h, 200 rpm
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