Fig. 3

Effect of Sr²⁺ on cellulase-related gene transcription levels in RUT-C30 strain. Gene expression ratios [-fold] of cbh1, egl1, xyr1, and ace3 in RUT-C30 treated with 70 mM Sr²⁺ relative to RUT-C30 without treatment on 1% Avicel for 48, 60, or 72 h. Gene expression ratios [-fold] were normalized to the corresponding gene expression at the same timepoint in the control (without Sr²⁺). The final values are represented as the mean ± standard deviation (SD) of three independent experimental results. Asterisks indicate significant differences, representing gene expression ratio greater than twofold or less than 0.5-fold between the treated samples and those without Sr²⁺ treatment