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Table 2 Effect of bioaugmentation and addition of nutrients, surfactant, and aeration on hydrocarbon degradation in CWs vegetated with T. latifolia and C. laevigatus

From: Nutrients, surfactants, and aeration in constructed wetlands affect bacterial persistence and metabolic activity during the remediation of crude oil-contaminated water

Treatment

THs (g l− 1)

THs (g l− 1)

THs (g l− 1)

 

Day 0

Day 30

Day 60

C1

ND

ND

ND

C2

20

18.3 (0.46)e

16.8 (0.42)f

T1

20

14.6 (0.76)d

13.3 (0.69)e

T2

20

11.2 (0.75)c

5.6 (0.38)c

T3

20

3.4 (0.57)a

1.7 (0.57)a

T4

20

13.4 (0.27)d

6.4 (0.27)d

T5

20

8.4 (0.47)b

3.9 (0.13)b

T6

20

1.7 (0.35)a

0.6 (0.11)a

  1. Control (C1) mesocosm with vegetation and without crude oil and bacterial inoculation, control (C2) mesocosm without vegetation and bacterial inoculation, crude oil spiked CWs with T. latifolia vegetation and without bacterial augmentation (T1), crude oil spiked CWs vegetated with T. latifolia and inoculated with the bacteria (T2), crude oil spiked CWs vegetated with T. latifolia and inoculated with the bacteria and supplied with nutrients, surfactant and aeration (T3), crude oil spiked CWs vegetated with C. laevigatus and without bacteria(T4), crude oil spiked CWs vegetated with C. laevigatus and inoculated with the bacteria (T5), crude oil spiked CWs vegetated with C. laevigatus and inoculated with the bacteria and supplied with nutrients, surfactant and aeration (T6). The same letters are not significantly different at a 5% level of significance, n = 3; the standard error of three replicates is given in parenthesis. Where ND is not detected