Table 2 Identified surface groups from FTIR spectra compared with other studies
From: Mesoporous activated carbon yielded from pre-leached cassava peels
Material under study | Wavelength (cm−1) | Active surface group | References |
|---|---|---|---|
Raw peel | 3419 | Intermolecular OH | This study |
2915 | C–H bond from aliphatic groups | ||
2904 | C–H bond from aliphatic groups | ||
1751 | Carboxyl group stretching | ||
1634 | Carboxylate groups | ||
1031 | OH stretch (lignocellulosic precursors) | ||
Raw peel | 500 | –COOH stretch | Simate et al. (2015) |
500–1000 | OH stretch | ||
1500–2000 | –C=O stretch | ||
1000–1500 | –C–O stretch | ||
3000–3500 | OH stretch | ||
Raw peel | 3700–3584 | O–H stretch | Idress et al. (2019) |
3550–3200 | O–H stretch | ||
3500 | N–H stretch | ||
Pre-leached cassava peel | 3412 | O–H groups of free hydroxyl groups | This study |
2913 | C–H distortion | ||
2900 | C–H distortion | ||
1755 | C–O bond of carboxyl groups | ||
1633 | Carboxylate group stretch | ||
1025 | C–O vibration | ||
AC from pre-leached cassava peel | 3500–3600 | OH group | This study |
2980 | Un saturated alkynes | ||
1712 | Carbonyl group | ||
1620 | Aromatic ring | ||
1445 | Stretching C–C bond | ||
AC from cassava peel | 1147 | Aromatic C–H of lignin | Belcaid et al. (2020) |
1575 | C=C vibration of the aromatic nucleus | ||
AC from cassava peel | 3841.83 | OH group | Astuti et al. (2020) |
1250–1170 | O–C stretching | ||
Cassava rind carbon | 1732 | C=0 stretch typical of aldehydes from hemicellulose | Beakou et al. (2017) |
1156 | C–O–C stretch typical of hemicellulose, cellulose, and lignin | ||
Cassava peel | 3500–3200 | O–H group in polymeric compounds such as alcohols, phenols and carboxylic acids presented in pectin, cellulose and lignin on the cassava peels | Mohd-Asharuddin et al. (2017) |
1750–1680 | Stretching vibration of C=O bond of carboxyl groups | ||
1300–1000 | C–O stretching of COOH | ||
Cassava peel | 3412 | OH functional group | Rachman et al. (2017) |
1109 | C–O vibration from secondary OH | ||
3000–2750 | Absorption band which is C–H sp3 |